The Ultimate Arm Workout (2023)

Fact: The vast majority of trainees train arms incorrectly. It's as if they think that the arms follow a different set of physiological principles than every other muscle in the body. More often than not, this means that they train their arms waaaay too much with improper exercises and programming.

The other problem is that some guys, believe it or not, never train their arms directly. This usually comes from believing that "arm day" is a bit too bro-y for them. Still, some guys may be training armswhen they're not even at a training agewhere it would even be beneficial. But arm days don’t have to be so confusing. So, we're going to lay out all you need to know about having the best arm workout ever.

In this article, you’ll learn:

• The major arm muscles
• Our arm day training philosophy
• The best exercises to train the arms
• The ultimate arm workout
• Progressive overload for optimal strength and mass
• Programming tips & alternative exercises

What Are The Arm Muscles?

Different people can mean different things when talking about the "arms". Therefore, we will go over what muscles and movements we mean when we talk about an arm workout, as well as the purpose of each.

ELBOW FLEXORS (BICEPS BRACHII, BRACHIALIS, & BRACHIORADIALIS):

The elbow flexors are the first muscle group we'll talk about. It’s also the first group most people think about as itincludes the biceps,which everybody loves hitting and flexing. However, the elbow flexors also include the lesser-discussed brachialis. In fact, there's also a third elbow flexor called the brachioradialis, which is technically part of the forearm but since is one of three primary elbow flexors. As such, we will include it here as well.

Regardless, any type of exercise that requires flexion at the elbows are going to rely on all three of these muscles to get it done.

That being said, one of the biggest mistakes when training the flexors is that all people think about are the biceps (long headandshort head). Often, people completely neglectthebrachialis, the elbow's primary flexor.That's literally all it does, flexes the elbow!

Compare that to the biceps, which is involved in:

• Supination
• Flexion of the elbow, but only while supinated (palm up)
• Forward flexion of the shoulder

Being so, thebest way to train the brachialis(and brachioradialis) is to use a reverse grip or neutral grip to mitigate the contribution of the biceps brachii.

Training elbow flexion at various angles and with different grips is the best way to optimize growth potential.

ELBOW EXTENSION (TRICEPS BRACHII):

The elbow extensor group is a bit more simple as it only includes the triceps brachii. While one muscle, the triceps, actually compose three heads that originate at different locations and come together to form a singular muscle belly with one tendon that inserts in the same location at the elbow.

The three triceps heads are the:

• Lateral Head
• Medial Head
• Long Head

Together, these three heads are responsible for extending the elbow, making them vital for any type of pushing movement.

FOREARM & GRIP MUSCLES:

The forearmis the section of the arm located between the wrist and elbow that contains way too many muscles to list.

This vast groups of muscle have several different functions:

• Flexion and extension of the wrist
• Flexion and extension of the digits
• Flexion of the elbow
• Pronation
• Supination
• Gripping

Most of the muscular contractions that occur in the forearm are actually responsible for finesse movements such as typing this article. However, having solid forearms are vital to protect the elbow asstudies have shownthat overuse injuries, such as tennis elbow, occur due to weak forearm muscles, primarily the extensors.

Still, your forearm muscles are responsible for yourgrip strengthwhich is a vital strength training component. In fact, grip strength has been shown to be a significant indicator of overall body strength and neuromuscular function.

A lot of yourdumbbell forearm exerciseswill be centered around grip training…well, in fact, almost all.

DELTOIDS (ISOLATION ONLY):

The deltoids, or shoulders, are the last arm exercises. However, shoulders either are or aren't part of your arm day, depending on who you ask. In our opinion, your arm day can involve shoulders but only isolation movements. You should be doing your heavy pressing on its own day, whether it's with chest or a pushing day or however your program is set up.

Regardless, most guys want extra help with building some boulders so having extra shoulder work in the form of isolation work is always a great idea.

Your deltoids contain three heads:

• Anterior Deltoid
• Lateral Deltoid
• Posterior Deltoid

As your posterior headgets trained with literally every single pulling exercise, we're going to concentrate on hitting the anterior head and medial head for this “ultimate arm workout”.

Our Arm Training Philosophy

We just went over what muscles make up the "arm". However, before you start training your arms, we want to discuss a few points of our philosophy on "arm day".

DO YOU EVEN NEED AN ARM DAY?

The first question we need to answer is “do you even need a specific day to train your arms?” The problem is that too many beginners go to the gym and immediately start training their arms when they're likely just wasting time.We wrote a whole piece on this subjectthat goes into more detail, but in a nutshell, studies have shown that adding isolation work to a structured program that utilizes progressive overload gives zero benefits to beginner trainees. Basically, your body does not require special attention as your arms will get adequate stimulus from compound movements.

It's difficult to say when you could benefit from having an arm-specific day, but we'll put a cut-off at one year of training. Before you start having an arm-specific training day, you need at least one year of training using a structured program that involves big compound lifts with progressive overload. If you haven't met this requirement, you will receive greater benefits from following one of these plans:

• PPL Routine
• Upper Lower Rotuine
• PHUL Routine

YOUR ARM DAY WILL ALSO INCLUDE COMPOUND MOVEMENTS:

One of the problems that occurs on "arm days" is that a lifters program will solely consist of isolation exercises. This can actually be holding back your arm training as some of the best arm exercises areactuallybig compound movements.

For example, Dr. Bret Contreas conducted an experiment by himself with his own equipment. Admittedly, this can't be counted as scientific evidence, but it's very, very strong anecdotal evidence. Basically, he went through a wide variety of back and biceps exercises to compare EMG readings. When trying to identify the best bicep exercise, he saw that weighted chin-ups actually had the highest EMG readings, more so than even bicep curls!

On the other side of the arm, close-grip bench press is an amazing triceps exercise while farmer carries will strengthen your forearms like no other. This is why your arm training isn't just going to be a ton of isolation.

YOUR ARM DAY WILL USE A RANGE OF LOADS & REP SCHEMES:

If you look at most arms training day, it's almost guaranteed to have you do 12+ reps on every exercise. We obviously want to use the 12+ range for hypertrophy, so you'll still have that, just not for every exercise. Your arm muscles are still muscles which means they can get strong. Therefore, we will use some heavier loads forstrength in conjunction with the lighter hypertrophywork.

The Top Arm Exercises For Massive Guns

We are now going to go over the top exercises for the different muscle groups. However, keep in mind that these are just there to get you started. When it comes to training the arms, using variety is key which is why we added alternate exercises to swap out with down below.

Elbow Flexors Exercises:

Your elbow flexors will consist of four exercises with one being performed as a superset with a triceps.

CHIN UP

Chin-ups are going to bethe primary elbow flexor exercise. As mentioned above, these generate considerable activation of the biceps if appropriately loaded. Therefore you want to use a weight that allows you to perform 6-8 reps but try to stick around the heavier end.

As chin-ups performance is relative to your weight, this will mean you may need to use a resistance band for assistance, normal body weight, or add a load. In any case, you are aiming for 6-8 challenging reps.

You can also place your hands slightly narrower than normal when gripping the bar. This will cause greater activation in the biceps while also allowing you to place a large load on the muscles for strength. Still, it's going to work out a lot more than just your biceps. Your forearms are going to get a crazy workout as you need to hang from this position as well!

Related:Pull Ups vs Chin Ups Muscles Worked

EZ BAR PREACHER CURL

Now it's time to get in some serious isolation work, andpreacher curlsare perhaps the best to do just that. However, we likeusing an EZ barwhen doing preacher curls, as straight bars can place a lot of stress on the elbows. When choosing the grip to hold onto, use one of the diagonal angles that allow you to use an underhand grip with your hand's thumbs up and pointing outwards.

REVERSE GRIP STRAIGHT BAR

Hello brachialis! As mentioned above, the brachialis is a primary flexor of the elbow, especially when the hands are pronated. This is because the biceps are primarily activated in the supinated position, meaning they contribute little when pronated. In effect, this leaves only the brachialis to work.

HAMMER CURL WITH ROPE

Hammer curls are a great variation that will add a slightly different stimulus and will also hit the brachioradialis.

Elbow Extensors Exercises:

Your elbow extension will also consist of four exercises, with one being performed as a superset with biceps.

CLOSE GRIP BENCH PRESS

Your primary triceps exercise is going to be theclose grip bench pressfor many of the same reasons you're doing weighted pull-ups. It's going to work the triceps dynamically while also allowing a giant load to be placed on the muscle.

When performing a close grip bench press, you do not need to get your hands ultra-close to activate your triceps. In fact, your triceps get a significant stimulus during your standard bench press. What happens is thatthe closer your grip becomes,the more triceps activation you'll see. Therefore, you use a grip where your hands are slightly narrower than shoulder-width apart.

ROLLING TRICEPS EXTENSION

We've written about rolling triceps extensions before, and we're going to again here 'cause they're awesome. The skull crushers on 3 dry scoops of your favorite pre-workout. The rolling triceps extensions utilize dumbbells to perform a skull crusher but then let your arms "roll" back behind the head. The lifter will then explosively pull their triceps back to the original position and extends the elbows. This extra momentum will allow them to push significantly more weight. This extra weight creates a greater load and can alsoelicit greater muscle damage during theeccentric portion, which studies show is vital for growth. Be sure to perform this with a neutral grip.

Y-HANDLE TRICEPS PUSHDOWN

You really can't go wrong with the classic triceps pushdown. We like to use the Y-handle to place the hands in a more neutral position. Like theTHIS is a bar, this takes a significant amount of stress off the elbows while allowing maximal weight to be pushed as the wrist has greater support.

OVERHEAD ROPE EXTENSION

Last, you'll use the rope to perform overhead rope extensions. This is a great exercise that allows a lot of weight to be moved and rounds out the various arm placements. As we've said many times before, variation is key so utilizing as many possible angles will optimize your muscle growth. You'll be performing this with the rope hammer curls in a superset fashion.

Forearm Exercises:

Your forearms will consist of two exercises. The first is farmer carries, which will allow you to use a lot of weight to train your forearm and build some serious grip strength. The other great exercise is actually straightforward to perform (you may need a primary tool, though!)

FARMER CARRY

Everyone should beusing some strongman exercisesin their program.Farmer carriesare a fantastic exercise and actually train the entire body. It also just so happens to be an insane grip exercise - in fact, grip strength is the limiting factor. Therefore, farmer carries are a great way to start your arm training as it's going to truly warm up the entire body.

When performing farmer carries, remember to always pick up the load with good form, similar to a deadlift. Once you are standing, you will simply walk with the weight while holding your head up and keeping your shoulders back. There are many ways to train farmers, but we will focus on carrying a prescribed weight for time. You will then try to carry more weight as you progress.

FOREARM DOWEL WORK (AKA WRIST ROLLS)

Using a dowel is one of the simplest yet most effective pieces of equipment to train your forearms. Many gyms have them, but if not, you simply need a wooden dowel of some sort and a long string.

Tie the string around the dowel and then wrap the string a few times so that the rope catches. You will then attach the other end to some sort of load, such as a kettlebell or weight plate. You will hold your arms out in front and twist the dowel to raise the weight. Once raised, let it go down slowly. Also, you can perform this movement with a posterior grip to train the extensors or a superior grip to train the flexors.

Deltoids Exercises:

For your deltoids, you'll just perform a compound set with lateral raises and front raises. Again, this is written assuming you're doing other shoulder work on your pressing days, so this is merely some supplemental work as many guys tend to have issues with growing their shoulders.

DUMBBELL LATERAL RAISE & FRONT RAISE

Using a set of dumbbells, you will simply perform lateral raises and front raises in a compound set fashion. Also, you won't really worry too much about the reps as you just want to go to momentary failure on each exercise. Use minimal rest in between sets.

The Most Effective Arm Workout

How To Progress On Arm Day

Progressing on arm day is basically done the same as any other day,relying onprogressive overload.For your main movements (designated with *), you will attempt to add weight as you go. So, for the chin-ups, this will mean that perhaps you progress from using a band, to body weight, to holding a load. You will basically want to try to steadily increase the load.

For all of the others, your main goal is to hit failure and add weight within the rep ranges given. This may mean that you won't do as many reps as you added weight some weeks. As long as you're within the rep range, it's ok. And again, you should be hitting failure before the end rep. In other words, if you can get to 12 reps, go up in weight (just enough to keep you challenged in the given rep range).

Remember that even though these are done on their own day, these "arm" exercises are still supplemental to the rest of your program. In other words, if your bench press and bent-over row are increasing, you're doing great even if your arm day weights stay the same.

Alternate Movements Regularly

There are a ton of arm movements, and they all have a role to play. We obviously can't train every exercise on every arm day but what you can do is alternate your exercises on a regular basis. While your main exercises should stay the same, at least for a couple months, you can rotate the others when needed. This could be every week or every month; it really won't matter, assuming you train with the same intensity. Once you work through this plan, sticking with it 12 weeks, consider swapping out some of the moves for ones in thisshoulders and arms workout.

That being said, here are some excellent alternative arm exercises that you can swap out when needed (or even add if you have the time!)

BICEPS:

• Dumbbell curl
• Zottman curl (we love these!)
• Incline bench curl
• Seated curl
• Spider curls
• Drag curls

TRICEPS:

• Skull crushers
• Triceps dip
• Kickbacks
• Reverse triceps extension
• Overhead dumbbell curl

FOREARMS:

• Fat bar work
• Holds
• Pinch carries

DELTOIDS:

• Snatch-grip high pulls
• Rope high pulls
• Pulley lateral raises
• Plate Front Raises

Make This Arm Day The Best Yet

Everyone can benefit from an arm day; at the very least, it will be a day where you're not killing your major muscle groups and can almost serve as an active recovery day. At best, it could fix some weak links that are holding the rest of your movements back (many compound lifts are stunted by weak arm muscles).

Therefore, if you have the time and a proper program, throw this day in the mix. If you have limited gym equipment or want to work outat home, you can also try thesedumbbell arm exercises, targeting the biceps, triceps, and shoulders. You can do it as part of a regularly scheduled program, or you may find you want a little break but still want to hit the gym. Or, maybe you find you simply have extra time on your hands. Ladies looking to build bigger biceps, triceps, and shoulders should also check outarmworkouts for women.

Whatever the case may be, having a dedicated arms day could be just what you need to start making progress in the gym. And to be clear, as far as we know, no one has ever complained about having biceps that are too big.

Related Content:

• The Ultimate Leg Workout
• The Ultimate Dumbbell Shoulder Workout
• The Ultimate Biceps Workout